Ep.34: Constitution of the United States 1-10

August 16, 2023 Peter Jans

Intro

Hello and Welcome to this episode of the podcast, "The Mnemonic Tree", where we add a single mnemonic leaf to our Tree of Knowledge.

Today's episode will be on the Constitution of the United States, of which we will learn the first 10 amendments. With a total of now 27 amendments, the constitution came into effect in 1789 the same year that George Washington started his first term as president.

It is the oldest written and codified constitution of its kind, and has influenced constitutions of other nations all around the world.

And, also there is a bit of nostalgia here as this was the very first episode, I put pen to paper when I was thinking of doing a podcast. So, it’s good to finally get it out there, on the 34th episode.

So, with no further ado, we will begin with a summary from Wikipedia.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.jpg

Wikipedia Summary

The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America.[3] It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven articles, it delineates the national frame and constraints of government. The Constitution's first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress (Article I); the executive, consisting of the president and subordinate officers (Article II); and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts (Article III). Article IV, Article V, and Article VI embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments, the states in relationship to the federal government, and the shared process of constitutional amendment. Article VII establishes the procedure subsequently used by the 13 states to ratify it. The Constitution of the United States is the oldest and longest-standing written and codified national constitution in force in the world today.[4][a]

The drafting of the Constitution, often referred to as its framing, was completed at the Constitutional Convention, which assembled at Independence Hall in Philadelphia between May 25 and September 17, 1787.[5] Delegates to the convention were chosen by the state legislatures of 12 of the 13 original states; Rhode Island refused to send delegates.[6] The convention's initial mandate was limited to amending the Articles of Confederation, which had proven highly ineffective in meeting the young nation's needs.[7] Almost immediately, however, delegates began considering measures to replace the Articles.[8] The first proposal discussed, introduced by delegates from Virginia, called for a bicameral (two-house) Congress that was to be elected on a proportional basis based on state population, an elected chief executive, and an appointed judicial branch.[9] An alternative to the Virginia Plan, known as the New Jersey Plan, also called for an elected executive but retained the legislative structure created by the Articles, a unicameral Congress where all states had one vote.[10]

On June 19, 1787, delegates rejected the New Jersey Plan with three states voting in favor, seven against, and one divided. The plan's defeat led to a series of compromises centering primarily on two issues: slavery and proportional representation.[11][12] The first of these pitted Northern states, where slavery was slowly being abolished, against Southern states, whose agricultural economies depended on slave labor.[13] The issue of proportional representation was of similar concern to less populous states, which under the Articles had the same power as larger states.[14] To satisfy interests in the South, particularly in Georgia and South Carolina, the delegates agreed to protect the slave trade, that is, the importation of slaves, for 20 years.[15] Slavery was protected further by allowing states to count three-fifths of their slaves as part of their populations, for the purpose of representation in the federal government, and by requiring the return of escaped slaves to their owners, even if captured in states where slavery had been abolished.[16] Finally, the delegates adopted the Connecticut Compromise, which proposed a Congress with proportional representation in the lower house and equal representation in the upper house (the Senate) giving each state two senators.[17] While these compromises held the Union together and aided the Constitution's ratification, slavery continued for six more decades and the less populous states continue to have disproportional representation in the U.S. Senate and Electoral College.[18][12]

Since the Constitution was ratified in 1789, it has been amended 27 times.[19][20] The first ten amendments, known collectively as the Bill of Rights, offer specific protections of individual liberty and justice and place restrictions on the powers of government within the U.S. states.[21][22] The majority of the 17 later amendments expand individual civil rights protections. Others address issues related to federal authority or modify government processes and procedures. Amendments to the United States Constitution, unlike ones made to many constitutions worldwide, are appended to the document. The original U.S. Constitution[23] was handwritten on five pages of parchment by Jacob Shallus.[24] The first permanent constitution,[b] it is interpreted, supplemented, and implemented by a large body of federal constitutional law and has influenced the constitutions of other nations.

Extracted from: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States]

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_Constitution.jpg

Mnemonic

The Constitution of the United States - Amendments 1 to 10 Mnemonic – FRRUSTTERR

(Sub-mnemonic FUSE. FUSE has only one letter; the rest are double)

(Picture Colonel Custer which rhythms with fruster reading out the first 10 amendments at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876 and attach a fuse to the amendments he is reading)

1. Freedom of Speech & Religion

2. Right to Bear Arms

3. Restrictions on Quartering

4. Unreasonable Searches & Seizures

5. Silence – Right to Silence

6. Trial – Right to a Fair & Speedy Trial

7. Trial – Right to a Trial by Jury

8. Excessive Fines & Excessive Bail – It Prohibits

9. Rights not Enumerated in the Constitution – It Protects

10. Reinforces the Principle of Federalism

Five Fun Facts

1. The U.S. Constitution has 4,400 words. It is the oldest and shortest written Constitution of any major government in the world.

Now when I was a lot younger, I actually got caught with a copy of the Constitution in the toilet at school. Anyway, the teacher demanded an explanation?

And, I swore to her, I only read it for the articles!

The same teacher had a go at me in regards to my rolled-up sleeves in class whilst learning the constitution, to which I replied “I have a right to bear arms!”

2. Since 1952, the Constitution has been on display in the National Archives Building in Washington, DC. Currently, all four pages are displayed behind protective glass framed with titanium. To preserve the parchment's quality, the cases contain argon gas and are kept at 67 degrees Fahrenheit with a relative humidity of 40 percent.

3. Constitution Day is celebrated on September 17, the anniversary of the day the framers signed the document.

4. Because of his poor health, Benjamin Franklin needed help to sign the Constitution. As he did so, tears streamed down his face.

5. The oldest person to sign the Constitution was Benjamin Franklin at 81. The youngest was Jonathan Dayton of New Jersey at 26.

6. Bonus Fact: When the Constitution was signed the United States population was 4 million. It is now more than 327 million. Philadelphia was the nation's largest city, with 40,000 inhabitants.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_making_the_first_draft_of_the_Constitution_for_the_United_States_1787_(cropped).jpg

Three Question Quiz

Q.1. Who were the only presidents who signed the Constitution?

Q.2. The only other language used in various parts of the Constitution is what language?

Q.3. Four of the signers of the Constitution were born in what country? The options are England, Ireland or Canada

Mnemonic Recap